硬质合金，又叫金属的硬质化合物合金材料，是由难熔金属的硬质化合物和粘结金属通过粉末冶金工艺制成的一种合金材料。硬质合金种类繁多，适应于各种切削、耐磨、耐冲击等方面的工况，因此其在日常生产中应用及其广泛。接下来，程诚小编就带大家一起来看一下不同种类的硬质合金的介绍。
　　硬质合金具有硬度高、耐磨、强度和韧性较好、耐热、耐腐蚀等一系列优良性能，特别是它的高硬度和耐磨性，即使在500℃的温度下也基本保持不变，在1000℃时仍有很高的硬度。主要有切削工具用硬质合金、地质矿山工具用硬质合金和耐磨零件用硬质合金三大类型。
　　一、切削工具用硬质合金：
　　切削工具用硬质合金根据使用领域的不同分成P、M、K、N、S、H六类；
　　P类：以TiC、WC为基，以Co（Ni+Mo、Ni+Co）作粘结剂的合金/涂层合金，常用于长切屑材料的加工，如钢、铸钢、长切削可锻铸铁等的加工；以牌号P10为例，适应的加工条件为高切削速度、中、小切屑截面条件下的车削、仿形车削、车螺纹和铣削；
　　M类：以WC为基，以Co作粘结剂，添加少量TiC的合金/涂层合金，常用于不锈钢、铸钢、锰钢、可锻铸铁、合金钢、合金铸铁等的加工；以牌号M01为例，适应于高切削速度、小载荷、无震动条件下精车、精镗。
　　K类：以WC为基，以Co作粘结剂，添加少量TaC、NbC的合金/涂层合金，常用于短切屑材料的加工，如铸铁、冷硬铸铁、短切屑可锻铸铁、灰口铸铁等的加工；
　　N类：以WC为基，以Co作粘结剂，添加少量TaC、NbC或CrC的合金/涂层合金，常用于有色金属、非金属材料的加工，如铝、镁、塑料、木材等的加工；
　　S类：以WC为基，以Co作粘结剂，添加少量TaC、NbC或TiC的合金/涂层合金，一般用于耐热和优质合金材料的加工，如耐热钢、含镍、钴、钛的各类合金材料的加工；
　　H类：以WC为基，以Co作粘结剂，添加少量TaC、NbC或TiC的合金/涂层合金，常用于硬切削彩礼的加工，如淬硬钢、冷硬铸铁等材料；
　　二、地质、矿山工具用硬质合金：
　　地质、矿山工具用硬质合金按照使用部位的不同分为以下几个种类：
　　A：凿岩钎片用硬质合金；作业条件例如牌号GA05，适合用于单轴抗压强度小于60MPa的软岩或中硬岩，牌号为GA50/GA60的适用于单轴抗压强度为大于200MPa的坚硬岩石或极坚硬岩；随着牌号数字的增加，耐磨性下降，韧性增强。
　　B：地质勘探用硬质合金；
　　C：煤炭采掘用硬质合金；
　　D：矿山、油田钻头用硬质合金；
　　E：复合片基体用硬质合金；
　　F：铲雪片用硬质合金；
　　W：挖掘齿用硬质合金；
　　Z：其他类；
　　该类别的合金洛氏硬度能达到HRA85及以上，抗弯强度一般在1800MPa以上。
　　三、耐磨零件用硬质合金
　　耐磨零件按照使用领域分为：
　　S：金属线、棒、管拉制用硬质合金，例如拉制模具、密封环等。
　　T：冲压模具用硬质合金，例如紧固件冲压、钢球冲压用模具等。
　　Q：高温高压构件用硬质合金，例如人工合成金刚石用顶锤、压缸等。
　　V：线材轧制辊环用硬质合金，例如高速线材轧制精轧机组用辊环等。

Hard alloy, also known as a metal hard compound alloy material, is an alloy material made through powder metallurgy process by combining refractory metal hard compounds and bonding metals. There are numerous types of hard alloys, suitable for various cutting, wear-resistant, and impact-resistant working conditions, thus being widely used in daily production. Next, Cheng Cheng will introduce you to the introduction of different types of hard alloys.
Hard alloys have a series of excellent properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, good strength and toughness, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. Especially its high hardness and wear resistance remain basically unchanged even at 500℃, and still have high hardness at 1000℃. There are mainly three types of hard alloys: cutting tool hard alloys, geological and mining tool hard alloys, and wear-resistant parts hard alloys.
1. Cutting tool hard alloys:
Cutting tool hard alloys are classified into six types according to the different application fields: P, M, K, N, S, and H;
P type: composed of TiC and WC as the base, with Co(Ni + Mo, Ni + Co) as the binder alloy, commonly used for processing long chip materials such as steel, cast steel, and long cutting malleable cast iron; taking the grade P10 as an example, the processing conditions suitable are high cutting speed, medium and small chip cross-section conditions of turning, profiling turning, thread turning and milling;
M type: composed of WC as the base, with Co as the binder, adding a small amount of TiC, commonly used for processing stainless steel, cast steel, manganese steel, malleable cast iron, alloy steel, alloy cast iron, etc.; taking the grade M01 as an example, suitable for fine turning, fine boring under high cutting speed, small load, and no vibration conditions;
K type: composed of WC as the base, with Co as the binder, adding a small amount of TaC, NbC alloy/涂层 alloy， commonly used for processing short chip materials， such as cast iron， cold-hardened cast iron， short chip malleable cast iron， gray cast iron， etc.；
N type： composed of WC as the base， with Co as the binder， adding a small amount of TaC， NbC or CrC alloy/涂层 alloy， commonly used for processing non-ferrous metals and non-metal materials， such as aluminum， magnesium， plastic， wood， etc.；
S type： composed of WC as the base， with Co as the binder， adding a small amount of TaC， NbC or TiC alloy/涂层 alloy， generally used for processing heat-resistant and high-quality alloy materials， such as heat-resistant steel， various alloys containing nickel， cobalt， and titanium；
H type： composed of WC as the base， with Co as the binder， adding a small amount of TaC， NbC or TiC alloy/涂层 alloy， commonly used for processing hard cutting materials， such as hardened steel， cold-hardened cast iron， etc.；
2. Geological and mining tool hard alloys：
Geological and mining tool hard alloys are classified into the following types according to the different application positions：
A： Rock drilling chisel sheet used hard alloys； the operating conditions such as grade GA05 are suitable for soft or medium-hard rocks with a single-axis compressive strength less than 60MPa， and grades GA50/GA60 are suitable for hard rocks or extremely hard rocks with a single-axis compressive strength greater than 200MPa； as the grade number increases， the wear resistance decreases and the toughness increases.
B： Geological exploration hard alloys；
C： Coal mining hard alloys；
D： Mining and oilfield drill bits used hard alloys；
E： Composite sheet matrix used hard alloys；
F： Snow removal sheet used hard alloys；
W： Excavation teeth used hard alloys；
Z： Other types；
The hardness of this category of alloys can reach HRA85 or above， and the bending strength is generally above 1800MPa.
3. Wear-resistant parts hard alloys
Wear-resistant parts are classified according to the application field：
S： Metal wire， rod， tube drawing used hard alloys， such as drawing molds， sealing rings， etc.
T： Pressing mold used hard alloys， such as fastener pressing， steel ball pressing molds， etc. Q: High-temperature and high-pressure components use hard alloys, such as the top hammer and pressure cylinder used for synthetic diamond.
V: Hard alloys are used for wire rod rolling roll rings, such as those used in the high-speed wire rod rolling finishing unit.